Environment

Major limiting Resource^a

Grazing effects on biodiversity by large herbivores

Precipitation

Soil

Through extinction^b

Through colonization^c

Net effect

Dry

Infertile

Water/nutrients

−

−

0/−

Dry

Fertile

Water

−

+

−

Wet

Infertile

Nutrients/Light

+

+

+

Wet

Fertile

Light

+

+

+/−